Researchers from Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), in collaboration with Professor Jonathan F. Lovell from the State University of New York, recently published a comprehensive review titled Emerging approaches in nanovaccines: exploration, stabilization, adjuvantation, formulation, and evaluation in the journal Coordination Chemistry Reviews.

The paper highlights cutting-edge progress in nanovaccine design and application.

Nanovaccines leverage innovative nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of traditional vaccines, offering advantages such as resistance to degradation, controlled release, and modular modification. In their research and application, nanovaccines utilize multi-omics integration technologies to identify novel antigens, develop specialized materials and antigen types to enhance stability and immunogenicity, and apply single-cell sequencing to evaluate immune dynamics.

Despite challenges in large-scale production, biocompatibility, and clinical translation, future developments like personalized vaccines and synthetic biology-driven platforms hold promise for overcoming these obstacles.

The review details antigen screening strategies using multi-omics approaches, including next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, and biological display platforms, to precisely identify target peptides, lipids, and post-translationally modified antigens. It also discusses metabolic reprogramming and signaling pathways that regulate B and T cell activation, as well as neuroimmune interactions and nutritional metabolism's impact on the immune system.

The review details antigen screening strategies using multi-omics approaches. [Photo/news.hzau.edu.cn]

Furthermore, the study highlights the selection of suitable nanomaterials — such as biodegradable polymers, lipid carriers, and inorganic nanoparticles — optimization of antigen types, and advanced preservation techniques like lyophilization and antioxidation to improve nanovaccine stability. It compares adjuvant use in traditional versus nanovaccines, proposing new ideas for next-generation adjuvants